Investors can no longer ignore climate change. Long gone are the days of debating whether it even exists; climate change is here and it’s going to have a major impact on the way we live.
It’s also already having a major impact on how we invest. That’s why by the end of 2020 we will have incorporated environmental, sustainability and governance (ESG) criteria into all of the funds we manage.
But until now we’ve never really been able to actually quantify the impact a warming planet may have on investment performance. That’s why the results of our latest analysis are so striking. The analysis needs to serve as a wake-up call for the potential impact climate change is likely to have on our investment future.
Each year, we produce 30-year forecasts for investment returns from stock and bond markets around the world. This year, the impact of climate change has been incorporated for the first time.
Our analysis takes account of the physical costs, carbon taxes and losses incurred as some oil and coal reserves have to stay in the ground. The results show that climate change may favour an increased investor emphasis on developed markets, while emerging market returns are negatively impacted, despite remaining potentially attractive.
For investors in Switzerland, Canada and the UK, the rather uncomfortable findings are that over the next 30 years climate change will actually boost returns from their domestic stock markets. In short, this is because a warmer climate should improve productivity in these relatively cold, but developed, markets.
However, it is also due to various other factors, such as the potential costs of mitigating the impact of rising temperatures, which in the case of a relatively low-carbon economy, such as the UK, has less impact than some other nations.
According to our analysis, annualised inflation-adjusted returns from the Swiss stock market over the next 30 years would be 4.1% without any climate change, but 5.4% with climate change. In Canada, the respective numbers are 4.4% and 5.4%, while in the UK they are 5.7% and 6.0%. The forecast for the MSCI World index goes up slightly with the impact of climate change, from 3.7% per annum to 3.8%.
Although this paints a positive picture in these countries, this is in no way an endorsement of standing still on climate change.
The consequences of not taking action on rising temperatures could be devastating across all countries this century. We assume countries will introduce a carbon tax. However, it will probably come too late and be too small to hit the Paris Agreement goal of limiting temperatures to 1.5 degrees warming by the end of the century.
The markets that will suffer most from climate change over the next 30 years are those in the warmest countries, mainly in emerging markets.
India is the worst affected, feeling both the productivity hit of rising temperatures and the large potential cost of carbon pricing.
Over the next 30 years, inflation-adjusted returns from India’s stock market are forecast to be 6.2% per annum without climate change. With climate change, returns are forecast to be 2.3% per annum.
Among the other worst hit markets are Singapore and Australia, while emerging markets as a whole also take a significant blow to forecast returns. The 30-year forecast for emerging markets equities falls from 6.3% per annum to 4.4% per annum when factoring in climate change.
Of course, all these findings rely on a large number of assumptions, and there are significant ranges around our return numbers. Nonetheless, they illustrate where the winners and losers from climate change are likely to be found.
The message is clear: the likely long-term divergence in regional performance means that an active approach to managing the risks of climate change is no longer optional, it is essential.
Keith Wade is chief economist and strategist at Schroders.
